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Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)



  • DRDO is an agency under the Ministry of Defence, Government of India which engages in our military’s research and development.

  • DRDO was formed in 1958. It is headquartered in New Delhi.

  • It is India's largest research organisation with a network of 52 laboratories engaged in developing defence technologies and weapons for our country.

  • It has been a very successful government agency and has developed many tanks, missiles, armoured vehicles, artillery systems etc for all the three wings of our military - army, navy and air force.

  • DRDO Motto is "Strength's Origin is in Knowledge". Dr G Satheesh Reddy is the current Chairman of Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO).

Integrated Test Range (ITR): It is an Indian defence lab of the DRDO. It provides testing and launching facilities for rockets, missiles etc made by DRDO. It is located in Balasore district of Odisha. It is composed of two complexes -
  1. Launch Complex IV located on Abdul Kalam Island (earlier known as Wheeler Island) in Balasore district.
  2. Launch Complex III located at Chandipur in Balasore district

  • DRDO's first project for the Indian military was in surface-to-air missiles (SAM) known as Project Indigo In the 1960.
Since then DRDO has developed several ballistic missiles under its Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP). Some of the important missiles are as follows:
  1. Prithvi: These are short range ballistic missiles (SRBM) with a range of 150 to 350 km.
  2. Agni: These missiles are long range, nuclear weapons capable of surface to surface ballistic missiles. MRBM - Medium Range Ballistic Missile IRBM - Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile ICBM - Inter Continental Ballistic Missile
  3. Akash: A medium-range surface-to-air missile. Range - 30 km.
  4. Trishul: A short range surface-to-air missile. Range - 9km.
  5. Nag: An anti-tank missile used by both the Air Force and the Army.
  6. Brahmos: A medium-range supersonic cruise missile. This missile can be launched from submarines, ships, aircraft, or land. It is a joint venture between India and Russia. It has a range upto 800 km.
  7. Nirbhay: A long range subsonic cruise missile. Range - 1000 km.
  8. Shaurya: A hypersonic surface-to-surface missile. Range - 700 to 1,900 km.
  9. Barak 8: A surface-to-air missile. Jointly developed by India and Israel.
  10. Rudram-1: An air-to-surface anti-radiation missile to destroy enemy surveillance radars, tracking and communication systems.
  11. K Missile series - The K family of missiles, named after our former president A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, is a family of nuclear-capable submarine-launched ballistic missiles.
Other important Achievements of DRDO
  1. Tejas (Light Combat Aircraft) - The LCA is a modern multi-role supersonic fighter aircraft developed by DRDO.
  2. Nishant and Lakshya - The DRDO has also developed two unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV).
  3. Rustom 2 - It is a heavy-duty drone, an unmanned armed combat vehicle developed on the lines of the US's Predator drone.
  4. INSAS - It is an assault rifle and a light machine gun (LMG). It stands for INdian Small Arms System.
  5. Pinaka - It is a multi barrel rocket launcher produced for the Indian Army. The system is mounted on a Tatra truck for mobility.
  6. Arjun tank: It is a Main Battle Tank (MBT) developed by DRDO.
  7. INS Arihant: It is India's first submarine with nuclear ballistic missile capability.
  8. Anti-Satellite Weapon (ASAT): It is designed to destroy enemy’s satellites in low Earth orbit. In 2019, India tested an anti-satellite weapon developed by DRDO under the codename Mission Shakti. The missile used was the Prithvi Defence Vehicle (PDV) Mark-II.
  9. Sudarshan Bomb - India's first laser-guided bomb developed by DRDO.
  10. Sindhu Netra - In Feb 2021, ISRO launched 'Sindhu Netra', a satellite developed by the DRDO, to monitor the activities of military and merchant navy ships in the Indian Ocean.
  11. AVATAR: DRDO is trying to develop a reusable spaceplane capable of horizontal takeoff and landing, that can be used for satellites. References: http://www.maphill.com/india/orissa/baleshwar/balasore/location-maps/satellite-map/

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